解剖学和形态学
麻醉学
听力与言语-语言病理学
行为科学
心脏和心血管系统
细胞和组织工程学
临床神经病学
危重症监护医学
牙科,口腔外科和医学
皮肤病学
急诊医学
内分泌学和新陈代谢
肠胃学和肝脏学
老人病学和老年医学
卫生保健科学和服务
血液学
免疫学
传染病
综合和补充性医学
医学伦理学
医学信息学
医学实验室技术
医学,全科和内科
医学,法律
医学,研究和试验
神经系统科学
护理
营养学和饮食学
产科医学和妇科医学
肿瘤学
眼科学
整形外科学
耳鼻喉科学
病理学
儿科学
周围血管疾病
药理学和药剂学
生理学
基本医疗保健
精神病学
公共、环境和职业卫生
放射学,核医学和医学成像
康复学
生殖生物学
呼吸系统
风湿病学
运动科学
外科学
毒理学
热带医学
泌尿学和肾脏学
病毒学
老年医学
健康政策和服务
心理学,临床
abstract::This study was designed to evaluate the maternal toxicity and teratogenicity of fenproporex, one of the most widely-used anorectic drugs in many countries, including Brazil. Three periods of exposure were evaluated: (a) 30 days before mating; (b) from gestational day (GD) 0 to 14; and (c) 30 days before mating and dur...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1191/0960327105ht545oa
更新日期:2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::In our study, rats were exposed to sarin vapors for 240 min at four different concentrations (0.30, 0.43, 0.58 and 0.82 microg/L) in a whole-body inhalation chamber. The acetylcholinesterase activity (AChE, EC 3.1.1.7) was measured in the whole blood, frontal cortex (FC), pontomedullar area (PM) and basal ganglia (BG)...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1191/0960327105ht539oa
更新日期:2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Comparisons on a linear and the Rozman logarithmic scale for dosage versus carcinogenicity in rodents are presented for methyl eugenol (ME), nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA), ethyl carbamate (EC) and 2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF). Each of these chemicals has been shown to be carcinogenic in experimental animals and, in additi...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1191/0960327105ht525oa
更新日期:2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::In responding to Drs Calabrese and Baldwin's question, 'At what point, if ever, should hormesis be employed as the principal dose response default assumption in risk assessment?', we examined the benefits of replacing traditional dose-response with hormesis. In general, hormesis provides more complete useful informati...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1191/0960327105ht521oa
更新日期:2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sibutramine mesylate is a new anti-obesity drug. It is a crystalline salt of sibutramine developed to improve the solubility of sibutramine hydrochloride. Methanesulfonic acid was used as a salt-forming acid instead of hydrochloric acid, resulting in a greatly improved solubility of 1000 mg/mL in water. Sibutramine me...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1191/0960327105ht510oa
更新日期:2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::To clarify the reproductive toxicity of polychlorinated biphenyl compounds through determination of testicular lipid peroxidation, reactive oxygen species and enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants in rats exposed to Aroclor 1254. Adult male rats were administered Aroclor 1254 at a dose of 2 mg/kg per day ip for 30 ...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1191/0960327105ht500oa
更新日期:2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Members of the transforming growth factor (TGF) family have emerged as critical contributors to the choreography of cellular and tissue interactions underlying morphogenesis of the orofacial region. The TGFs beta, and their downstream effector molecules, the Smads, play a pivotal role in normal as well as abnormal dev...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1191/0960327105ht492oa
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Airborne mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP) was studied for acute airway effects using a bioassay with BALB/c mice. Concentration- and time-dependent effects were obtained by continuous monitoring of the breathing pattern during exposure to 0.3-43.6 mg/m3 MEHP for 60 min. Additionally, inflammatory effects of MEHP wer...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1191/0960327104ht486oa
更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this study, the effect of a combination of vitamin C, vitamin E and selenium on ethanol-induced duodenal mucosal damage in rats was investigated morphologically and biochemically. The duodenal mucosal injury was produced by oral administration of 1 mL of absolute ethanol to each rat. Animals received vitamin C (250...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1191/0960327104ht468oa
更新日期:2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Phagocytes remove and store mercury (Hg) that enters the body. Macrophages and granulocytes respond in opposite ways to Hg: macrophages loose cell viability, and neutrophils become protected from apoptosis. We have investigated the cytology of early intake of Hg by macrophages and neutrophils after a short period (2-4...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1191/0960327104ht472oa
更新日期:2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Deliberate self-poisoning (DSP) is a major health problem with increasing incidence mainly among young people. OBJECTIVE:To examine the clinical and toxicological characteristics of DSP, it is compared to unintentional (non-DSP) exposures and those characteristics which might be associated with increased to...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1191/0960327104ht454oa
更新日期:2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sulphur is an essential micronutrient required by the body in low concentrations, but its high intake can lead to a serious health hazard. Sulphur compounds are reported to induce several toxic responses in animals, but so far no reports are available on the toxic effects of elemental sulphur, following dietary supple...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1191/0960327104ht435oa
更新日期:2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Accidental ingestion of electrical batteries occurs commonly in children. This rarely is associated with severe morbidity and mortality. Significant symptoms can arise due to leakage of alkali or heavy metals from the battery after degradation in the gastrointestinal tract. The main heavy metal of concern in electrica...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1191/0960327104ht433oa
更新日期:2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Omeprazole is one of the most used acid-suppressing medications. This fact emphasizes the questions concerning the safety of this compound. Healthy volunteers (n=33) were included in this prospective study. All study subjects were analysed for their CYP2C19 genotype. Of the 33 individuals, 24 were homozygous for the w...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1191/0960327104ht431oa
更新日期:2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Diazinon is one of the most widely used organophosphate insecticides (OPI) in agriculture and public health programs. The aim of this study was to investigate how an OPI, diazinon, affects lipid peroxidation (LPO) and the antioxidant defense system in vitro. For this purpose, two experiments were carried out. In exper...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1191/0960327104ht408oa
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The conventional method for the assessment of acute inhalation toxicity (OECD Test Guideline 403, 1981) uses death of animals as an endpoint to identify the median lethal concentration (LC50). A new OECD Testing Guideline called the Fixed Concentration Procedure (FCP) is being prepared to provide an alternative to Tes...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1191/0960327103ht395oa
更新日期:2003-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Results obtained in long-term carcinogenicity studies with animals should be evaluated, first and foremost, by statistical comparisons of the data obtained from the treated group with that from the concurrent control group. Often the results are compared with data from so-called historical control groups in order to t...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1191/0960327103ht394oa
更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The National Toxicology Program (NTP) Technical Reports online database was reviewed to find chemicals that were reported to show clear evidence of carcinogenicity in the NTP rodent studies and for which data on human exposure could be found. Six representative compounds were selected. Three volatile compounds: ethyl ...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1191/0960327103ht374oa
更新日期:2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The manufacture of fibreglass reinforced plastic products may give rise to substantial peak exposures to styrene. Such exposure patterns need further consideration in terms of styrene neurotoxicity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the neurotoxic effects of short-term peak exposures in volunteers, at levels respe...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1191/0960327103ht384oa
更新日期:2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::A four-fold increase in the iron content of normal subjects was detected in plasma after 5 hours of iron administration. Iron supplementation had a surprisingly erratic effect on four patients with hepatomegaly secondary to heart insufficiency, since the increase in the iron content in the plasma after iron-dextran ad...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1191/0960327103ht372oa
更新日期:2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The regulation of osteoblast proliferation is a key factor in maintaining bone mass. The enhancement of this process can be achieved by stimulating the proliferation of these cells. Mechanical stimulation is one of the important enhancing factors, but the exact cellular mechanisms of mechanical stimulation, i.e., mech...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1191/0960327103ht362oa
更新日期:2003-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Potassium bromate (KBrO3) is a potent nephrotoxic agent. In this paper, we report the chemopreventive effect of Nigella sativa (black cumin) on KBrO3-mediated renal oxidative stress, toxicity and tumor promotion response in rats. KBrO3 (125 mg/kg body weight, intraperitoneally) enhances lipid peroxidation, gamma-gluta...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1191/0960327103ht349oa
更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::HCH isomers, endosulfan, malathion, chlorpyrifos, and methyl-parathion were monitored in human milk samples from Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh. The endosulfan concentrations were highest and exceeded the sigma-HCH, chlorpyrifos, and malathion concentrations by 3.5-, 1.5-, and 8.4-fold, respectively. Through breast milk, infa...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1191/0960327103ht321oa
更新日期:2003-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::After acknowledging Renn's careful investigation and valuable insights, this paper expands on some issues that have been somewhat neglected in his account. It addresses the relationship between risk, uncertainity and ignorance in risk assessment, focusing in particular on the need to recognize that framing assumptions...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1191/0960327103ht315oa
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We describe two cases of chemical necrotizing fasciitis in the upper extremities, anterior chest wall and epigastric region of the abdominal wall caused by household insecticide injection. We suggest that surgical debridement can be successfully performed in the subacute period under close observation in hemodynamical...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1191/0960327102ht308cr
更新日期:2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The benefits and costs are discussed for the possibility of using pups generated in breeding studies for additional assessments, such as evaluating immunotoxicity. Such an approach is logistically challenging, but not overwhelming. ...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1191/0960327102ht291oa
更新日期:2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of the environmental toxicant, triethyltin, on Ca2+ mobilization in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells have been examined. Triethyltin induced an increase in cytosolic free Ca2+ levels ([Ca2+]i) at concentrations larger than 2 microM in a concentration-dependent manner. Within 5 min, the [Ca2+]i signal...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1191/0960327102ht276oa
更新日期:2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::A retrospective review of medical records was carried out to determine the pattern of drug and chemical poisoning cases admitted to a teaching hospital in Malaysia. Medical records of patients admitted during the period January 1987 to December 1995 were reviewed. They accounted for 0.2% of total admissions during the...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1191/0960327102ht260oa
更新日期:2002-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The study of Jayjock and Lewis, 'Implication of Hormesis for Industrial Hygiene', represents a challenge for the scientific community to consider hormesis as a possible working hypothesis for redefining risk assessment strategy for low-dose exposures in the realm of industrial hygiene. This invited commentary aims at ...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1191/0960327102ht269xx
更新日期:2002-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Derivatives of dehydrocrotonin (DHC; Compound I) with different anti-ulcerogenic properties but less toxicity were produced by reducing the cyclohexenone moiety of DHC with NaBH4 (Compound II), reducing the cyclohexenone and lactone moieties with LiAlH4 (Compound III) and transforming the lactone moiety into an amide ...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1191/0960327102ht246oa
更新日期:2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The fixed-dose procedure (FDP) was introduced as OECD Test Guideline 420 in 1992, as an alternative to the conventional median lethal dose (LD50) test for the assessment of acute oral toxicity (OECD Test Guideline 401). The FDP uses fewer animals and causes less suffering than the conventional test, while providing in...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1191/0960327102ht239oa
更新日期:2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::9-(4'-Aminophenyl)-9H-pyrido [3,4-b] indole (aminophenylnorharman, APNH) is a novel mutagenic heterocyclic amine, produced by the reaction of norharman with aniline in the presence of S9 mix. In the present study, the maternal and developmental toxicity of APNH were investigated in ICR mice administered oral doses of ...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1191/0960327102ht227oa
更新日期:2002-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A number of xenobiotics require redox reactions to form the reactive intermediates involved in the ultimate toxic events (e.g., adduct formation). The same mechanisms lead to the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can themselves exert direct toxicity including, e.g., DNA oxidative damage or glutathione ...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1191/0960327102ht214oa
更新日期:2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The common effects of acetaminophen (paracetamol), isopropylantipyrine (propyphenazone) and caffeine on fetal development were examined in rats. The mixture was given in Tween 80 solution once daily, in a constant proportion of 5:3:1, during days 8-14 of gestation in three different doses. Dose S1 - 3.5 mg/kg acetamin...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1191/0960327102ht224oa
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Diepoxybutane (DEB)- and mitomycin C (MMC)-associated toxicity was investigated in embryos from the sea urchin (SU) species Sphaerechinus granularis. DEB- and MMC-induced toxicity resulted in S. granularis embryos and larvae at concentrations ranging 10(-5) to 10(-4) M DEB, and 3 x 10(-6) to 3 x 10(-5) M MMC, in terms...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1191/096032701718890577
更新日期:2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Methanol, a potent toxicant in humans, occurs naturally at a low level in most alcoholic beverages without causing harm. However, illicit drinks made from "industrial methylated spirits" [5% (v/v) methanol:95% (v/v) ethanol] can cause severe and even fatal illness. Since documentation of a no-adverse-effect level for ...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1191/096032701718620864
更新日期:2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Changes required for the explicit recognition of hormesis are outlined for both ecotoxicology and ecological risk assessment (ERA). A major research need is the extension of hormesis beyond chemical stressors to abiotic (e.g., habitat) and biotic stressors (e.g., species introductions, organism interactions). An overr...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1191/096032701718120337
更新日期:2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lipid peroxidation is one of the main manifestations of oxidative damage and has been found to play an important role in the toxicity and carcinogenicity of many xenobiotics. In the present study, we investigated the possible induction of lipid peroxidation by aluminium in human foreskin fibroblast cultures by assayin...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1191/096032701682693053
更新日期:2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sterigmatocystin (Stg), a major secondary metabolite of Aspergillus versicolor and A. nidulans, is the precursor of aflatoxin B1. In this study, male albino rats were treated with Stg-contaminated diet for 30 days, resulting in reduced levels of glutathione, ascorbic acid, and alpha-tocopherol. The activity of catalas...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1191/096032701682692955
更新日期:2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of acute administration of dietary levels of ethanol and the garlic oil extract, diallyl sulphide (DAS), on cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) activity in volunteers were studied using the selective probe substrate, chlorzoxazone (CZX). The ratio of the CZX metabolite 6- hydroxychlorzoxazone (6-OHCZX) to CZX was...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1191/096032701680350587
更新日期:2001-07-01 00:00:00